Incompatibility of Economical & Political Situations In Pakistan

Pakistan (a claiming welfare state) got independence from British colonial India in 1947, due to visionary leadership of Mr. Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Since its birth, the annual economic growth rate of country averaged around five percent. As far as politics is concerned, there are two scenarios i.e. internal and external, but since two decades, external factor laid deep impact over the economy, to certain extent shattered as well.

External Factors:
The bounds of external factor affecting the social, political and economic culture are as follows:

Disagreements between Pakistan & India: 
Pakistan neighbors shares his Eastern border with India, due to uneven distribution of resources of common homelands raised several conflicts and contentions among which Kashmir is the prominent one. The two nations have fought four major wars & several minors, such unrest in the geostrategic level politics has never let economy towards prosperity.

Instability of Afghanistan:
Whether it is USSR or USA, the invasion of Afghanistan massively affected nearly all classifications of motherland specially KPK province that neighbors western border with Afghanistan in various aspects. Since the American presence in Afghanistan, the political situation of Pakistan has turned 360 degrees, as it raised not only security as well as existential threat for the homeland. Although Pakistan also served as an ally of USA during invasion by providing major logistic support but Pakistan has always complained for insufficient payback for the devastation that stepped in the country.

Internal Factors:
Apart from externals, there are some internals issues that suffered Pakistan from economical unrest are as follows:

 Religious & Ethnic Disturbance:
Although religious, sectarian & ethnic turbulence somehow linked to external factors, but it is one of the disturbing factors endangering the social, cultural, civilization norms of Pakistan. Due to increase in to no. of such incidents, majority of Pakistanis believe that they are headed by some external forces, which could not tolerate prosperity of nation, specially after the several violence incidents in Baluchistan and Karachi.

Political Instability:
If we observe the history of country, the way political instability affected nothing influenced in that manner. The worst scenarios witnessed in recent years like assassination of Benazir Bhutto, long-march of Nawaz Sharif for the restoration of Judiciary, long-march of Imran Khan against unfair elections, & tug of war between PPPP and MQM in Karachi suffered economy of Pakistan in each situation. Although, political instability raises question over the performance of Supreme Court, security agencies & election procedure in Pakistan, it could be resolved by Mutual Corporation of all the stakeholders rather than depending upon one.

Summing-up, we can’t neglect any of the above factors. There also some other factors that affect the economical as well as political situation of country but the impression of above mentioned issues are grave than other issues which couldn’t be discussed due to space and time.

Pakistan Challenges (Feudalism, Religious Variations, Energy Crisis)

Among many crisis of Pakistan, it is impossible to discuss each and every problem in one go. however here we are discussing some of the major problems that are greatest issues faced by the Government of Pakistan. 

Feudalism is one of the threat to Pakistan’s stability. it's ne'er allowed a sincere leadership to return to the scene. Theses voracious structure lords have perpetually tried to realize their covert interests within the garb of politics. In each election, the poor plenty square measure forced by the structure lords to forged votes consistent with their can. The suppression of the voice of the poor plenty has been proving harmful to our society.

Moreover, once the problems square measure left unresolved they become incurable with the passage of your time. Provincial hate is that the results of such negligence. This hate has caused the separation of Asian nation. Centre has perpetually been reluctant to provide provinces the total autonomy and right over their national resources. Sheer difference and management of the natural resources has increasing up the emotions of provincialism. With the go by of your time these feelings square measure sowing the seeds of secession.

Provincialism has any resulted in regionalism. Lack of nationalism is another serious threat to our national integrity. Nationalism could be a nice binding force however here everybody rather than thinking himself as a Pakistani considers as Sanskrit, Punjabi, Balochi, Pathan etc. Such individuality and bitterness among the plenty is weakening our country to its roots. 

Religious variations like Shiah Islam vs. Sunni square measure any adding fuel to the fireplace.non secular ideology that took its roots in Pakistan West Pakistan Asian country Asian nation} when the monotheism Revolution in Persia in 1979 is proving venomous for Pakistan. This non secular ideology took a brand new form of terrorist act when 9/11. when the incident of 9/11 bombing in Asian nation has become a norm of the day. Target killing is another menace that is saying many innocent lives daily. 

Energy crisis is any adding to the issues of Asian nation. Energy crisis isn't but a threat. it's tried a bolt from blue for our economy. Energy keeps the wheel of the economy occurring. Uninterrupted offer of electricity has become on a daily basis dream for the plenty. each sector of life has been full of the starvation of energy within the country. Industrial sector possesses a heavy blow. Closure of industries and businesses could be a grave threat to our survival. Our economy is suffering therefore seriously. within the wake of such conditions, the investors square measure reluctant to take a position in our country/investors were already reluctant to take a position in our crisis ridden country and energy crisis has prevented them any. Energy crisis is basically because of the management of water resources.

Causes of Energy crisis in Pakistan

Causes of Energy crisis in Pakistan

In our blogs we've discussed in detail that why there are energy crisis in Pakistan, what are the factors to it what steps have been taken in order to overcome all these crises and what are the resources and how we’re using them.

To dig down the reasons to find who is responsible for this entire crisis in Pakistan, we might come across different aspects. The responsible ones are not only the government but also the people they are governing. Their have been lack of knowledge for overcoming this crisis.

Ex- Government of Pakistan was working on new projects to overcome the emerging demands of electricity and after their failure there was huge amount of shortfall in the electricity.

The major reason to see how developed countries have maintained their standard in this regard is that they put control on everything. There proportion was balanced whether you took their population, working hours and market hours. If you look at China, they have law of having only two children and their working hours might be tough but they have put control on the time schedule of opening stores for shopping. Everything has been done in day light and stores at night are close at early timings to avoid the wastage of electricity. If we look at Pakistan, we've no proper working hours, every single thing is imbalanced. There has been lack of awareness in people to overcome this problem. The population in Pakistan is increasing day by day and people have no resources or not enough resources for feeding their family. If we admire west in this regard then we have to look upon their policies too and then we've to adapt them too.

The living standard of people has been raised. To my belief, there are only two classes in Pakistan; Rich and the Poor’s one. One who is rich is extremely rich and the poor ones have crossed even the line of poverty. There is no upper middle class and lower middle class and if there are then these peoples are suffering hard to spend their livelihood peacefully.

Another aspect to the causes of energy crisis in Pakistan is the industrial development and expansion of houses. Daily base transportation has also been increased due to which production of electricity has been getting not enough resources to fulfill its demands.

Looking at the shortfalls of electricity, Government of Pakistan cannot waste time on having failure projects and the major reason to why project fails is that there has been lack of planning to perform these projects successfully. In order to have successful projects, proper planning needs to be done to overcome this crisis.

The demand is much bigger than the developed projects. Currently in Pakistan there is 20,000 MW need against the production of 11,500 MW.

Dependency on non-renewable resources is the biggest failure. The prices of these resources changes in the international market regularly due to which there is destabilization in the expenditures of electricity production in Pakistan.

Uses of renewable resources will help Pakistan to overcome this major shortfall quickly.

Renewable Resources of Electricity

Renewable resources of electricity

The renewable power resources include water, sunlight, breeze, strong wind, tides and geothermal warmth. The resources are gifted by the nature and there is no limitation in the production of these elements as well as they are also cheap. The developed countries around the world use these resources for power generation. However in Pakistan these projects are at initial stages and to get over with one of the major crisis in Pakistan it is necessary to use these vulnerable resources instead of destroying them.

Hydro Power Generation:

Hydro power generation supplies huge amount of energy in the reservoirs of Pakistan. It produced energy by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy by using power tribunes. It is the cheapest source of production that adds only 34% in whole energy production in Pakistan. In current situation we’ve only 6555 MW against the requirement of 41000 to 45000 MW.

Following are the Hydropower Plants along with their capacity:

• Tarbella Dam: 3,478 MW
• Ghazi Brotha Dam: 1450 MW
• Mangla Dam: 1450 MW
• Warsak Dam: 240 MW
• Chashma Dam: 184 MW
• Following are the Hydropower projects of Pakistan:
• Diamer-Bhasha Dam; 4500 MW
• Munda Dam: 740 MW
• Kalabagh Dam: 2400-3600 MW
• Bunji Dam: 5400 MW
• Dasu Dam: 3800 MW

Wind Energy in Pakistan:

In Wind Energy the potency of blowing wind is to move the blades of the generator by which mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Pakistan is producing 10000 to 50000 MW electricity through this mechanism. Wind power production is at initial stages in Pakistan and there are few projects to be launched in Pakistan for wind power production in Jhampir, Gharo, Keti, Bandar and Bin Qasim.

Solar Energy in Pakistan:

When sunlight is converted into electricity through the use of electric panels, this mechanism is known as Solar Energy. The analyst suggests that Pakistan can generate solar energy with the capacity of 100,000 MW or even more. Few of projects are under work in Punjab, Sindh, Kashmir and Baluchistan. At private level, electricity through solar panels are already selling solar panels photovoltaic heaters, that reveals the involvement and circulation of solar energy in local markets. In Gilgit Baltistan the photovoltaic mineral water heaters project in under establishment with the supervision of AEDP (Alternate Electricity Development Panel). Now the Government of Pakistan is also putting hands in this work to generate power through solar energy.

Bio-diesel in Pakistan:

In Bio-diesel or biomass the companies generates power by using waste with sugarcane, corn or other facilities. Through the decomposition of waste, methane gas is produced that comes out of the pipes, which then can be used for flames burning. Other methods involve plant and solid wood which are used to burn up which then produces electricity. Likewise fossil fuels they can be used till refined to make alcohols. In this game, Brazilians are the largest one to produce power through bio-diesel or biomass and on the second number we've USA.

Power Generation through Tidal Waves:

Production of electricity through tidal waves is one of the cheapest ways to the production of electricity. The process involves the pulling out of power from tidal waves which is concerned by the moon’s gravity and then it is converted into electrical energy. Unfortunately, the projects of tidal waves in Pakistan are not even in working position they are still under observation.

Nuclear Energy in Pakistan:

By using Uranium in Nuclear reactors, the nuclear energy is generated. The generation of power through that is very low round about 425 MW. Although, such programs must be organize for the production of electricity in Pakistan.

Following are the nuclear energy reactors working in Pakistan:

• Chashma 1 PWR, whose capacity is more than 200 MW.
• Chashma PWR, whose capacity is 200 MW making an overall of 425 MW.

Energy Crisis – Non Renewable Resources

Energy Crisis - Non-renewable resources

Nowadays Pakistan is facing numerous crises. The crises were not born in a single day but they grow themselves as there were no policies designed to handle them by the government of Pakistan. They grew in a way that now after 10+ years they are uncontrollable. From so many crises, I am here talking about energy crisis in Pakistan. In my previous blog, I discussed the reasons, factors and demands. Now it is time to discuss the resources of energy production in Pakistan.

Renewable & Non- Renewable resources

Pakistan has two types of resources for electricity production, which are mentioned below:

• Non-Renewable resources which are limited and expensive like Fossil Fuels
• Renewable resources which are unlimited and cheap

This blog is only dedicated to discuss the Non Renewable resources in Pakistan and how it becomes the part of crisis in Pakistan.

Non-Renewable Resources:

Non-renewable resources include Fossil fuels and they come in the form of coal, crude oil and gas. These fossil fuels are obtained from the earth’s crusts which are gleaned further to have resources like Diesel, Petrol, Oil, Charcoal, LPG, Organic gases and Paraffin. The resources like these are not good for environment and they are the main reason behind Global warming.

Oil:

Oil is used in this field to generate power, marketplace, household supports and agriculture. Oil is generating 64% of energy and 34% of the power is being generated from the Hydro Power. The analyst state that currently the crude oil in Pakistan is found in the regions which is approximately 303.63 zillion barrels and the amount of oil we are taking about is of 24 zillion every year. Most of the crude oil has also been imported to satisfy the demands of energy.

Natural Gas:

Natural gas in Pakistan is manufactured about the rate of 4,048.76 zillion cubic feet daily and the demanded need is of 3,986.53 zillion. The main usage of natural gas is in commercial and industrial development to make buyer goods, concrete floors, fertilizers and in the generation of electricity in Pakistan. The usage of natural gas is just not limited to commercial, industrial and power generation but it is also in Pakistan as the form of Compressed Natural Gas, which is used for transport system. It involves 43.7% for energy generation and LPG contributed 0.7%. Natural gas is found to be as the cheapest element in Pakistan, although whole world consider this as the most expensive element as they don’t have it. The main reason behind increase of Gas demand is that most of the vehicles are not now running on Petrol as it expensive then Gas, so most of the cars are converted on Natural Gas. But in the end of 2014, the prices of petrol were reduced as much as the rate of Gas.

Coal:

According to the analysts the manufacturing of coal in Pakistan is round about 185 million tones, furthermore 175 million tones of coal is also discovered in the fields of Thor. The usage of coal is demanded in concrete floors market areas and in brick kiln. One of the major coal power plants is Guddu power plant that manufactures 1650 MW. Although the reserved coal in Pakistan is not being consider of up to mark quality.

In next session I will discuss the Renewable Resources and how they have been misused in Pakistan.

Energy Crisis in Pakistan

Energy crisis in Pakistan

The moral fiber of any country economic development is dependent upon Energy Resources. It is one of the necessities in our daily life. Energy resources help us in making goods and many other things like in Pakistan the great contributor is Cotton sheets that is a major help in the revenue of the budget of Pakistan.

It is a necessary element in our daily basis living style for example we cant press our cloths without electricity, we cannot drink cold water because our refrigerators are not on, we cant study at night because of electricity and there are many more things which the people’s of Pakistan are  facing nowadays.

On large scale, the industrial departments are dependent upon them, as they can’t run their machinery, the roads looks mysterious when at night there is no street light.

Due to many factors including increase in population, industrial development, advancement of livelihoods and enhancements of manufacturing of households; the demand for electricity has increased and it is increasing hastily in Pakistan. Hence, there is large amount of demand electricity, coal, petrol and diesel.

The government of Pakistan is failed to resolve energy crisis in Pakistan due to its day by day increasing demands.

It is not a problem of 1 year or 2; Pakistanis have been facing this problem for more than 10 years. The situation of Pakistan is getting more crucial in this regard as we've weakened economy and emerging needs of electricity and because of no proper policies it is becoming more unstable.

Other factors involving behind the energy crisis are obsolete facilities, electricity burglary and regular deficiencies of hydro-power, which make situation much and much worse. As a result, there is time to time load shedding plus with high prices bills.

Looking at 2009-10, per capita demand of electricity occurs to loose ground from 0.64% to 3% correspondingly. Daily requirement of energy in Pakistan is round about 15k to 20k MW, but due to lack of resources it is able to achieve only 12k MW. The daily basis shortfall hence becomes 8k MW and that is the main reason of economic destabilization.

By mixing the stocks of different elements, the energy demand is fulfilled. The elements include Gas, Methane, Fat, LPG and Fossil fuel. The resources amount is as followed:

• GAS 43.7%
• Fat 29%
• LPG 1.5%
• Fossil fuel 10.4%

The resources for electricity production are of two types in Pakistan:

Renewable resources those are unlimited and cheap

Non Renewable resources which are limited and expensive

In next discussion, I will discuss these resources and their usage in detail.

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