National Assembly of Pakistan

The National Assembly of Pakistan comprises of senate and president of Pakistan. The National Assembly and Senateof Pakistan arrange meetings at parliament house which is located in Islamabad. The members of National Assembly of Pakistan elected democratically which are total 342 in numbers. These members are known in Pakistan as MNAs.

The seats allocations for these members are different for different members in whom 70 seats reserved for women and for minorities of different religions. For maintain a position as majority party must have gain 172 seats and others 272 seats are directly elected members.

History of National Assembly of Pakistan

In the history of National Assembly of Pakistan , On 10 August 1947 first session of  Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was held at Sindh Assembly building,  Karachi.  Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was elected unanimously as the President of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 11 August 1947 and at the same date the National Flag approved by the national Assembly. On 12 August 1947, A resolution was approved which was related to addressing of Mr. Muhammad Ali Jinnah as “Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah”.

Requirements for Members of National Assembly of Pakistan

A member who is involved in any criminal activity or mentally disable and having dual citizenship is disqualified for the seat of National Assembly of Pakistan. A person who is disagreed or against the integrity of Pakistan and ideology of Pakistan then this member will also disqualified for the seat of National Assembly of Pakistan. Members of National Assembly of Pakistan are elected for five years duration. National Assembly of Pakistan is dissolves on the advice of the Prime Minister or by the President in his discretion under the Constitution then tenure of the National Assembly also comes to an end. A Member of Parliament not more than twice holds the office of the Prime Minister this is a clauses under the constitution of 1973.

On 18 February 2008 elections for 13^th National Assembly was held. On June 1, 2013 took oath, members of 14^th National Assembly of Pakistan. Pakistani President may dissolve each National Assembly at any time, upon the advice of Prime Minister of Pakistan.

 For Further more information you can also visit our site at http://www.pakvoter.org/

The Political Agitation & Economic Depression In Pakistan

Uncertainty is one of the elements that make even probability of success or failure in anything. Pakistan is about to celebrate 68th year of independence still after years of freedom it is full with surprises & rich in uncertainty. At the time of independence, it was supposed to be welfare Islamic state, but after years of independence, if we look at the overall situation of major sectors like power, employment, security, food, education, agriculture, economy supposed to be backbone of country are suffering from severe crisis.

If we lookout for the core factor worsening the situation of almost all the sector is ‘Politics’. In terms of definition politics is the composition of activities & practices of the people of state for the acquisition of power and government affairs, but the culture of Pakistani politics tells different story. After the elections of 2013, the political tug of war between two status quo parties shattered rest of the economic stability left after the destruction of terrorism. One to one tension between Pakistan political parties comes both at national as well as provincial level, which are as follows:

1. Pakistan PTI accused another political group PML-N for alleged rigging both at federal and provincial level. 
2. The settled and unsettled matters between PPPP & MQM for Sindh’s devolution of power.
3. Political tension between ANP and MQM for the manifestation of power.

Country had situations after the announcement of protest by PTI:

• It was due to proclamation before the start of protest, the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) closed on 666.24 down points. 
• UN Human Development Report 2014 revealed that Pakistan has 146th among meager income countries, this situation would have been more after violence.
• Last year, Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) released poverty survey, which mentioned that 58.7 million people are living their life under the menace of multidimensional poverty among which 46 % are rural and 18% are urban, certainly, after nonviable economic situation, indicators were not in good position. 

When political situation of the country got unstable after the start of protest, revival & continuity of economic policies became uncertain. Consequently, it reduced the investment and productivity in the economy. As political instability further increased after violence in protest, it grew unrest in the form of strikes and demonstrations at public level that ceased the economic growth routine of firms & markets. By the persistence of bad political situation, prices of fuel got height that also increased the prices of consumable items of daily use by decreasing the purchase power of common person. Such situation also boosted inflationary rate, unemployment, civil disobedience, national harmony and many other problems.

Suggestively, political leaders are the asset of homeland, so it makes them responsible about critical condition. When a political circumstance of the country goes worse, then economic condition gets a shape seen last eight years, along with nation that is in state of war since eleven years to combat the menace of terrorism.

After all this, elections for local government, by-elections and results on election dispute are pending from Supreme Court of Pakistan. Fluctuations in the electoral temperature also oscillates the economical condition of country, in such situations, political parties should play a responsible role to protect economy from down phases.

Incompatibility of Economical & Political Situations In Pakistan

Pakistan (a claiming welfare state) got independence from British colonial India in 1947, due to visionary leadership of Mr. Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Since its birth, the annual economic growth rate of country averaged around five percent. As far as politics is concerned, there are two scenarios i.e. internal and external, but since two decades, external factor laid deep impact over the economy, to certain extent shattered as well.

External Factors:
The bounds of external factor affecting the social, political and economic culture are as follows:

Disagreements between Pakistan & India: 
Pakistan neighbors shares his Eastern border with India, due to uneven distribution of resources of common homelands raised several conflicts and contentions among which Kashmir is the prominent one. The two nations have fought four major wars & several minors, such unrest in the geostrategic level politics has never let economy towards prosperity.

Instability of Afghanistan:
Whether it is USSR or USA, the invasion of Afghanistan massively affected nearly all classifications of motherland specially KPK province that neighbors western border with Afghanistan in various aspects. Since the American presence in Afghanistan, the political situation of Pakistan has turned 360 degrees, as it raised not only security as well as existential threat for the homeland. Although Pakistan also served as an ally of USA during invasion by providing major logistic support but Pakistan has always complained for insufficient payback for the devastation that stepped in the country.

Internal Factors:
Apart from externals, there are some internals issues that suffered Pakistan from economical unrest are as follows:

 Religious & Ethnic Disturbance:
Although religious, sectarian & ethnic turbulence somehow linked to external factors, but it is one of the disturbing factors endangering the social, cultural, civilization norms of Pakistan. Due to increase in to no. of such incidents, majority of Pakistanis believe that they are headed by some external forces, which could not tolerate prosperity of nation, specially after the several violence incidents in Baluchistan and Karachi.

Political Instability:
If we observe the history of country, the way political instability affected nothing influenced in that manner. The worst scenarios witnessed in recent years like assassination of Benazir Bhutto, long-march of Nawaz Sharif for the restoration of Judiciary, long-march of Imran Khan against unfair elections, & tug of war between PPPP and MQM in Karachi suffered economy of Pakistan in each situation. Although, political instability raises question over the performance of Supreme Court, security agencies & election procedure in Pakistan, it could be resolved by Mutual Corporation of all the stakeholders rather than depending upon one.

Summing-up, we can’t neglect any of the above factors. There also some other factors that affect the economical as well as political situation of country but the impression of above mentioned issues are grave than other issues which couldn’t be discussed due to space and time.

Pakistani Media revival

In Past the responsibility of the Pakistani media, particularly television channels was significantly central during the general elections in Pakistan February 2008.

Earlier than the general elections, there was a dictatorship rule of Gen Parvez Musharraf. He unchained the electronic media to the level he could. During his tenure many new television channels popped up. And this is what he had been praising himself of.

But luckily or unluckily, this autonomy boomerang on him. The lately aired channels held talk-shows all along with the hourly news bulletins. And the subject of the talk-shows used to be the current and established political state of affairs.

 An analysis was performed in 2007. And the outcome was astonishing. It was screening that the talk-shows were being observed with more importance than dramas or any other amusement/entertainment series. The boost in talk-shows’ audience shows towards a fashion in the Pakistani society. The new trend in Pakistani media was a new stage that puts them that they are more concerned and by the support of the nation they decided to show their power in whatever matter which is concerning.

 On commanding emergency in November 2007, Gen Musharraf told his American friends that the Pakistanis were not able sufficient to have a independent system carrying out in their country. They required a long time to study the democratic values. They were still in a learning stage.

 The end result of the general elections simply reverse the theory of the Gen. Not only the nullification was a hinder to the Gen, he had to accept a farewell guard of honor and had to quit the presidency exaltation a practical consequence.

 The problem is: why couldn't the Gen verify what he stated of his people in Nov 2007? And another query, which should be taken as an extension or the other facet of the preceding query i.e. what proved the Gen off beam, forced him to give up and how at all did it all happen?

The reason to all aforementioned queries was that our nation needed a change and through talk shows which discussed the current matters in an unbiased approach won the hearts of the nation, who were earlier deprived by watching the same tone news over and over again.

The role of media has been deliberately great which aware the nation continuously over serious matters, like the assassination of Benazir Bhutto, the General elections, the government challenges, the long marches, crisis in Pakistan and many other matters. And it’s just not through television it’s through social media too, through which the people share their views about a particular matter which was however difficult through television.

For viewing any political happening in Pakistan do visit www.pakvoter.org

Political Freedom in Pakistan

Political Freedom in Pakistan

Though Pakistan was formed to endorse the ethics of democracy, the history of Pakistan is endemic with Military coups in Pakistan, and for most of its account after freedom has been feint by military dictators who state themselves president. The General elections of Pakistan, 2013 were the first elections in the country where there was a legitimate relocate of authority from one civilian government to another. The elections were blemished by terrorist attacks that murdered hundreds and injured more than 500 and extensive rigging of polls, the utmost in the state's proof account.

Religious minorities were disallowed from voting for Muslim candidates after Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization and non-Muslims are limited in the posts they may compete for, with some of the higher posts being occupied to them. Even though some of these commandments were afterward annulled religious minorities still prolong to counter numerous boundaries in politics.

Though unhurried but sturdy evolution has been made towards return to democracy in the last decade, many Pakistanis and foreign analyst see the military still determinedly unshakable in politics with the government playing second swindle to the military. The government is extensively seen as having no power over the armed forces and the Inter-Services Intelligence.

Most of Pakistan's laws are worldly in temperament, some of which were inborn from the United Kingdom's colonial rule of current Pakistan before 1947. Though in practice, ruthless Sharia Law takes priority over Pakistani law. What are measured Basic human rights in Pakistan and even slight delinquency in most of the cultured world bear a death sentence in Pakistan. The constitutionof Pakistan has been altered numerous times in its short history, with Islamization being the lashing aspect. Though the government has endorsed a few actions to counteract any harm, abuses stay. Also, courts endure from lack of funds, external interference, and deep case accumulation that guide to extended tryout delays and prolonged pretrial detentions. Many spectator inside and outside Pakistan challenge that Pakistan’s legal code is mostly disturbed with felony, national defense, and domestic serenity and fewer with the defense of individual rights.

In 2010, Foreign Policy ordered Pakistan as number ten on its Failed States Index, inserting it in the "serious" group with such other futile or worsening states as Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Somalia. Pakistan constantly records near the top of the list of failed states year after year.

For more information do visit www.pakvoter.org

Pakistan Challenges (Feudalism, Religious Variations, Energy Crisis)

Among many crisis of Pakistan, it is impossible to discuss each and every problem in one go. however here we are discussing some of the major problems that are greatest issues faced by the Government of Pakistan. 

Feudalism is one of the threat to Pakistan’s stability. it's ne'er allowed a sincere leadership to return to the scene. Theses voracious structure lords have perpetually tried to realize their covert interests within the garb of politics. In each election, the poor plenty square measure forced by the structure lords to forged votes consistent with their can. The suppression of the voice of the poor plenty has been proving harmful to our society.

Moreover, once the problems square measure left unresolved they become incurable with the passage of your time. Provincial hate is that the results of such negligence. This hate has caused the separation of Asian nation. Centre has perpetually been reluctant to provide provinces the total autonomy and right over their national resources. Sheer difference and management of the natural resources has increasing up the emotions of provincialism. With the go by of your time these feelings square measure sowing the seeds of secession.

Provincialism has any resulted in regionalism. Lack of nationalism is another serious threat to our national integrity. Nationalism could be a nice binding force however here everybody rather than thinking himself as a Pakistani considers as Sanskrit, Punjabi, Balochi, Pathan etc. Such individuality and bitterness among the plenty is weakening our country to its roots. 

Religious variations like Shiah Islam vs. Sunni square measure any adding fuel to the fireplace.non secular ideology that took its roots in Pakistan West Pakistan Asian country Asian nation} when the monotheism Revolution in Persia in 1979 is proving venomous for Pakistan. This non secular ideology took a brand new form of terrorist act when 9/11. when the incident of 9/11 bombing in Asian nation has become a norm of the day. Target killing is another menace that is saying many innocent lives daily. 

Energy crisis is any adding to the issues of Asian nation. Energy crisis isn't but a threat. it's tried a bolt from blue for our economy. Energy keeps the wheel of the economy occurring. Uninterrupted offer of electricity has become on a daily basis dream for the plenty. each sector of life has been full of the starvation of energy within the country. Industrial sector possesses a heavy blow. Closure of industries and businesses could be a grave threat to our survival. Our economy is suffering therefore seriously. within the wake of such conditions, the investors square measure reluctant to take a position in our country/investors were already reluctant to take a position in our crisis ridden country and energy crisis has prevented them any. Energy crisis is basically because of the management of water resources.

Pakistan's challenges (Political aspects)

Pakistan's challenges (Political aspects)

Pakistan came into being in 1947. Since its beginning it has been bounded by innumerable inner as well as outdoor troubles. All these troubles appear to have grown to be fortune of our country. troubles like paucity, illiteracy, joblessness, provincialism, Baluchistan issue, radicalism, violence etc. are currently airs a great danger to our survival. regardless of being prosperous in natural resources we still are not capable to exploit them completely and moderately. Due to underutilization of these huge possessions, we are still a way behind in the pursuit of expansion. Not only inner troubles have kept the Government of  Pakistan occupied but also outer tribulations have always been a attach from blue for our country. It is a truth that every nation is facing troubles in one form or the other. But in the scenario of Pakistan, due to misconduct, troubles have been becoming permanent. It is mostly due to the maltreatment of the inner issues. Our country is trailing its true picture. This has end up in overseas involvements into our state affairs and has damaged our development.

The present era is the age of low intensity conflicts instead of typical wars. So, it's very necessary is the our internal dynamics, challenges and threats like national integration, ethnicity, narrow-mindedness, drug mafia, social group, dangerous economic conditions and economic discrepancy, and geographic vulnerabilities. The most internal fronts that are directly moving the policy of Pakistan are the followings; 

Political stability is one among the prime worry that Pakistan has commencing the terribly begin. No government to date might are able to complete its term. The incompetence of our leaders has invariably provided the military a golden likelihood to topple the electoral governments. each military ruler has taken over the facility with uncounted guarantees to the lots. however with the passage of your time, they solely prolonged their rule and served their unconditional interests.

Furthermore, judiciary has conjointly been instrumental in providing a legal cowl to the military rule the country. it's invariably supported the autocratic steps taken by the dictators below the “Doctrine of necessity”. Such a weak and incompetent judiciary has ne'er allowed the democracy to flourish on our soil. that the absence of democracy has born to varied different problems/threats.

Other challenges aspects will be posted in other sessions. If you are looking for deep down information of any political issue do visit www.pakvoter.org

Challenges and Controversies faced by PPP

Pakistan peoples party is one of the most biggest political parties in Pakistan, which has presented some renowned leaders in the history of Pakistan and since its establishment it has faced some serious challenges and controversies which are mentioned below.

Lost left

Seeing that the 1990s, the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) has been beneath severe disparagement even within the associates and the leftists in the state, prominent the charges of large-scale bribery. The leading leftist, Nadeem Paracha, affirmed that since 1977, the PPP policy has been malformed into centre-right stand, while in 1977 general elections in Pakistan, the PPP policy did not mentioned the "communism". Throughout the 1973–75, the PPP fundamental ultra-left and socialist led under Mirage Khalid and the moist wings under Khalid Syed were eliminated by the PPP to make sure the political shore up and existence between the dominant Sindh's feudal lords and Punjab's landed elite, Paracha stating it the PPP has "lost left".

While leading left-wing journalist, Mehdi Hasan remarked that PPP is "not a worldly party", first declaring Ahmadiyya people as non-Muslims in the line of the succeeding parliamentary alteration, secondly proscription the utilization of liquor; thirdly, the PPP affirmed Friday as holiday to prevail the support of religious elements, Mehdi Hasan quoted.

Cyber attacks

The Chairman of PPP Bilawal Bhutto Zardari led a gathering on 19 September 2014 in Multan, Punjab, where he purportedly quoted: "the [PPP] would take back whole Kashmir for his state

Bhutto accentuate on his ending of the speech: "I will take back Kashmir, all of it, and I will not leave behind a single inch of it because like the other provinces, it belongs to Pakistan...(.)"

On urgent basis, a group claiming themselves the Indian Hackers Online Squad swaps the PPP's official website's homepage with post mocking Bhutto for his comments, and alleging that "will never get Kashmir".

The post read on PPP's official website: "To Citizens of Pakistan, Pakistan's military, PPP and Specially Mr. Bilawal Bhutto. Without any Violence, Let Me tell you that Pakistan will never get Kashmir. This is the Truth. You Have to Accept it."

Bilawal Bhutto Zardari's Kashmir comment made him a knock against jokes on Twitter and in Indian media.

Internal opposition and factionalism

Since 1990s, the factionalism has grown in the party when Murtaza Bhutto returns to Pakistan. Differing with Benazir and Asif Ali Zardari's political philosophy developing the party, Bhutto come apart and fashioned the other controlling yet more leaning towards left wing faction, PPP (Bhuttoist) in 1995. Having row with Benazir Bhutto in 1999 over the party leadership, Aftab Sherpao tearing from the party and shaping the PPP (Sherpaoist)—a more reformist with democratic schema.

Factionalism persists in 2011 when PPP dismiss Mahmood Qureshi over the happening that occurred in Lahore, though Qureshi did not fixed but defecting to PTI which is centrist and third way party. One more leftist leader, Malik Ali Khan also acquiescent from the PPP, saying that "they did not concur with how President Zardari was leading the party chiefly with view to an coalition with centre-right PML (Q) and the foreign policy.

In 2012, the PPP's powerful leader, Zulfiqar Mirza, relinquish from the party regardless of urgings on amidst discrepancy with Asif Zardari's headship and policies with regards to contact with liberals MQM in Sindh. Reckoning with their separation, the communist politicians felt that the party had now moved away from the basic thoughts it was established on by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1967.

 For more information related to any political parties of Pakistan, do visit www.pakvoter.org

2008 history of PPP

Looking at the recent history of one of the historical party of Pakistan which is full of tragic details in their history, another big disastrous news to PPP followers falls when the most functional and first former women PM Benazir Bhutto in the history of Pakistan was murdered, when she was conducting elections campaigns in 2007.

As we all already knows that BB was the daughter of Z.A Bhutto and after his father death he raises his party until she was exiled from the country. After her come back to the country in 2007, the followers welcomed her graciously but soon after her return she faces numerous life threat. The saddened event occurred on 11th of May when she was coming from airport towards her house among her many followers, from there her bad time started where her way was attacked by terrorist by suicide bombings. In that place, her many followers died but she survived. But when conducting an election campaign on 27th of Dec 2007 she was again attacked but unfortunately she didn’t survived this time and the whole nation mourned her death for several days. Soon after her death, Asif Ali Zardari declared their son as the new chairmen of PPP.

The 2008 general elections in Pakistan which were planned to be held in January were delayed until 18 February. The PPP won the significant triumph on among all political parties in Pakistan, having a force of general seats 121 from all provinces in the Parliament, at the same time as the centre-right, Pakistan Muslim League (N) secured second place, running to secure 91 seats from country-wide. In 2008, the co-chairman Asif Ali Zardari proclaimed to finish the fourth dictatorship when he stated: "Pakistan was on its way of ridding dictatorships forever", and plead to the PML (N) leader, Nawaz Sharif, to outline an alliance scheming over half the seats in Pakistan's 342 seat parliament.

Asif Ali Zardari and Nawaz Sharif officially signed the agreement on this on 9th of March 2008.

Titled the PPP-PML summit declaration, the shared declaration both parties decided on the restoration of judges oust through the emergency rule enforced on 3 November 2007 by General Pervez Musharraf in 30 days following the new federal government was fashioned. On 28 March, the PPP assigned Yousaf Raza Gillani as the new PM and formed alliance rule with PML (N) in Punjab, Awami National Party in KPK, JUI(F) in Baluchistan and MQM in Sindh. On other hand, the PPP declared the private mandate in Gilgit-Baltistan andKashmir. though, this pact was afterwards was dishonored by PPP government, after which PML(N) leaved from alliance and federal government.

Asif Ali Zardari was nominated for the coming presidential elections of that year by his party. After that he got 481 votes out of 700 and hence he become the President of Pakistan.

On April 2010, president Zardari willingly give up his political and presidential authority to PM Gillani and the parliament, and during 18th amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, Zardari relocate the right of government and political appointments, and powers to put into effect the right of government to prime minister Gillani as part of country's road to parliamentary democracy. although rising disapproval, it has managed to preserve a great vote bank in deeper Sindh and South Punjab. On national front, it is currently competing against Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf and Pakistan Muslim League (N). On 22 June 2012, the PPP nominated Raja Pervez Ashraf was elected as the new Pakistan PM.

But it didn’t ended here, the PPP government was badly failed and due to this several protest and long marches have been made.

For more detail view of any political happening inside Pakistan, do visit www.pakvoter.org

1970 General Election and PPP

1970 General Election and PPP

From 1967 to 2015 PPP has faced numerous difficulties, having assassination of their leaders PPP still hold out to be the 2nd most voted political party in Pakistan. the ups and downs of the party can be viewed through the following table, which will highlight the General elections in Pakistan through 1970 to 2013 and the seating, party leader and parliamentary position of the PPP.

General Elections	Seating Graph	Presiding chair of the party	Parliamentary position
1970	81/300	Z.A Bhutto	In Government
1977	155/200	Z.A Bhutto	Martial Law in effect
1985	-	Nusrat Isphani	-
1988	94/247	Benazir Bhutto	In Government
1990	44/207	Benazir Bhutto	In opposition
1993	89/207	Benazir Bhutto	In Government
1997	17/207	Benazir Bhutto	In opposition
2002	62/207	Amin Fahim	In opposition
2008	124/342	Benazir Bhutto Yousaf Raza Gillani	In Government
2013	47/272	Billawal Bhutto Zardari	In opposition

                                                                                                

After its establishment, the party gained distinction at an instantaneous, magnetizing the poor bunch peasants and workforce, and students all through in West Pakistan. The democratic socialists and Bhutto himself knocked a gesticulate of annoyance and showed sturdy resistance against Ayub Khan, leading the civil chaos, defiance, and mayhem that forced Ayub Khan to detained talks with Bhutto who would later opposed the Six point movement, offered by Bengali leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The nonstop argument, and pressure forced Ayub Khan to quit from the presidency in 1969, leading to burden of martial law by Army Commander General Yahya Khan after promising to seize elections in two years. throughout this time, the Peoples Party strengthen its sustain in West Pakistan, systematizing itself and gaining prop up from poor masses in West Pakistan. Its communist catchphrase Roti Kapra Aur Makaan (English: Food, Cloth, and Shelter) and "all supremacy to the people", added popularize the party and the fame that crop up Bhutto and the Peoples Party.

During the 1970 parliamentary elections, the Peoples Party participated with complete force, originally conquering the far-right faction and the centre-right forces in West-Pakistan, though the Peoples Party was resolutely beaten by the moderate democratic Awami League in East-Pakistan. throughout the election movement, the party's renowned leftist philosophers and communists rational, such as Malik Meraj, JA Rahim, Meraj Muhammad, Mubashir Hassan, and Zulfi Bhutto himself demanded a great rage to the public over numerous political subjects. anxiety arisen with Peoples' League and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the ideological disparity added make amid bricks of abhorrence towards each other. The circumstances reached to a pinnacle in 1970 where Awami League held 160 seats out of 300 where the Peoples Party winning the 81 of 138 seats owed to West Pakistan in the National Assembly.

Bhutto decline to permit Rahman to become the prime minister of Pakistan, and eminently calling "break the legs" if any self-ruled socialists of Peoples Party tried to be present at the introductory meeting. in its place, he presented the idea of having two prime ministers for both wings. At his proposals he received heavily criticism from East of Pakistan. After then Bhutto conveyed his message from Dr. Mubashir Hassan, whereupon it was decided to have a coaillited government with Bhutto as president and Mujib as PM. Although, these developments were not publicized and the Military was totally unaware of the fact. Quickly after military launch, the circumstances changed in both wings which created differences among both wings.

Bhutto and Peoples Party gave condemnation to Yayha Khan's exploitation of the circumstances which led the arrests of Bhutto and members of Peoples Party who apprehended with Mujibur Rahman in recognized Adiala Jail. This was followed by Indian involvement which led the harsh crush of Pakistan Armed Forces and Pakistan itself, after East-Pakistan gained impetus and became Bangladesh in 1971.

For more detailed information about any political parties in Pakistan, do visit www.pakvoter.org