Good Governance Accountability

Good Governance Accountability

There are certain essential ethics that remain unchanged across margins that doesn't depend upon language, traditions or so norms of a region. For example, we have not seen anywhere in the world, heaps demanding prevalent chaos and disorder, on the opposing side, world over people wants to have an efficient structure of supremacy to uphold statue of law in the people. Hence, it feels safe and sound to imagine seeing regulation and strength in the culture is something that is intrinsic to all human beings. It is this vital necessity that impels us all to assemble following political leaders, applaud for them during convoy and vote for them during elections. Hoping, all time that our leader will bring forward peace, prosperity and change in the society when he/she will be in power. Nevertheless, our hope to witness betterment in the world is not time bound and so it does not finish subsisting upon casting the vote. These hopes persist after new government is in charge, motivating us to examine their strategies, course of actions of government authorities and their leaders.

It is the movement for steady development in the milieu that mounts another fundamental assessment that globally people know as ACCOUNTABILITY.

Many people consider Accountability as the fourth leg of the figurative chair for good domination. It helps many to appraise the value of public administrator and offices, making sure that they are performing at their best and guarantee to serve their people at any time of their need.

So how can we exercise accountability in our society? From what means a voter can share his/her concerns? How can we complain? How can we reach government authorities?

In Pakistan there are many organizations whose solitary rationale is to make sure that the government and its offices are running their matters evidently. There are some organizations in which an ordinary person can submit his complaint regarding the functioning of the government. For example in NAB (National Accountability Bureau) which is an anti corruption organization and every Pakistani is adequate to submit his or her complaint against any government authority, political leader or bureaucratic along with witnesses.

Parliament of Pakistan is another one of the most important organization in the succession of accountability. The parliament is not only the bridge between people and government but its role is critical in terms of accountability institutions report. And through parliament, its people and civic groups can have different information about laws and policies.

In other way there are many sources through which a government can ensure effective governance's. And it’s just not government; it’s the responsibility of the citizens too, as they help government in running good terms.

Democracy & Elections

Democracy & Elections

Despite the fact that democracy is not just about elections stuff but it is something more than that. The purity of democracy has not been fully understood by the Pakistani nation. In democracy, poor’s have more rights than rich ones as they are in majority and the will of the majority is supreme.

But we only relate democracy to the right of vote, but it is freedom of speech too. We cannot deny the fact that elections process has tremendous affects in a democratic environment as it is the key to magnificent democracy. In democracy an individual has the right to opt their candidate liberally under the supervision of the unbiased government.

In a civilized environment it is the right of an individual to vote in a free environment that is free from any pressure and fair in every manner. This right has been declared in Universal Declaration of Human Rights which is stated in the Article 21 under the constitution of Pakistan that “Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives... The will of people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.”

The basic ingredients to fair elections that are practiced at international level in an ideal environment are that they should be conducted at regular intervals, should be pure as water and privacy to that should not be marked with any irregularities. By regular intervals it means that there should be a particular time frame for that can be either after 4 or 5 years. In here, government of Pakistan rule over 5 years. By purity it means that they should be free and fair by giving equal rights to everyone whether poor or rich or whether living in a rural or urban area. By marking the privacy with no irregularities means that there should be participation in election at maximum level that should be easy to understand, voter registration guide should be provided to the citizens in order to aware them by the process and rules and the eligibility criteria should be bare with minimum lawful restrictions like of age, proof of identity, residence and so on.  The privacy to elections also meant by the principle of secret ballot papers, which make sure that no one except the voter knows the candidate to whom he/she is voting.

This intent to resist fear or any act of vengeance by those who are in power in society either through their political background, administration or financial status.

Question is that which society will make sure these ingredients are the part of their election process?

For all this there should be a strong urge to have an impartial, self governing and sovereign establishment enjoying the reliance of their citizens and political parties. In Pakistan, where its people have faced long periods of dictatorship, the basic ingredient to election process have always been fiddled by the one who are in power to have results according to their desire.

Such attempts have made their people to go down with their trust in the electoral process as well as in democracy too.

After 1965…

History Of Pakistan

After the uncertain war of 1965 with India, Pakistani nation starts to blame Ayub Khan the Field Marshal at that time for divulging the cause of Kashmir. Few months later after that war, Munir Ahmed Khan, who was a nuclear engineer met Z.A Bhutto and informed him about the speedy development in the nuclear program of the Indian forces. After feeling the sign of danger, Z.A Bhutto hurriedly arranged a meeting in London with Munir Ahmed khan and Ayub khan. Munir Ahmed Khan forced to have a nuclear energy program and to develop a reliable nuclear curb aptitude. Whereas, Ayub khan totally refused this idea and said:”If we (Pakistan) ever need the atom bomb, we (Pakistan) will buy it off the shelf.”

After knowing the current scenarios, Bhutto proposed the idea of lobbying the weapons. However the economical conditions of Pakistan insisted khan to refuse the idea to enlarge the nuclear energy program notwithstanding the proposals suggested by Bhutto, Salam and Muniir Khan.

With far-reaching hard work done by Dr. Abdus Salam, khan personally permitted the KANUPP-I commercial plant, in oppositions to the wished of his own military government.

In 1966 Ayub Khan aloof Bhutto as the Foreign minister in a plot planned by Jurist and Bhutto secretary under the severe pressure of US President Lyndon Jhonson.

In 1967, People’s Party of Pakistan (PPP) a political party of Pakistan came into being which was formed by Z.A Bhutto, which then organized the movement against Anti Ayub Khan in East and West of Pakistan. Dispirited and stressed, Ayub khan handed over his hold to the Gen. Yahya Khan in 1969. Upon his appointment as a chief Martial Law Administrator of the country he bed in the military government in both East and West of Pakistan. Wherein, Yahya and his government swore to conduct general elections within 2 years.

The General elections in Pakistan were then held on 1970, making PPP as the largest political party in west of Pakistan and Awami League the largest political party in east of Pakistan. After that Yahya holds negotiations talks with Z.A Bhutto and Sheikh Mujibur Rehman, but it failed brutally.

Bhutto formed combined government with Mujibur Rehman as it was feared that East Pakistan will get separate from West Pakistan. Both leaders agreed upon the collated government having Bhutto as the president and Mujib as the premier.  The military government was totally unaware of all the political happening at that time. The pressure was high on military government by Z.A Bhutto and Mujib which forces Ayub Khan to have military action in East Pakistan. The military police busted both Bhutto and Mujib, where Bhutto was put on house arrest and Mujib was sent to the court where his case was headed by Judge Advocate Gen. Branch’s Brigadier–Gen. Rahimuddin khan.

Gen. Rahimuddin structured orders for Vice Admiral Muhammad Shariff and Lieutenant Gen. Amir Abdullah khan Niazi to hold actions in East Pakistan to curtail and free them from fight. After facing some of notable disturbances and rebellion in East of Pakistan, the arm forces fasten down through violence. The army and navy hold operations which resulted in further bitterness among the East Pakistanis.

With the assistance of India Mukti Bahini war held out between separatist supporters of Bangladesh and Pakistan. During this conflict, Jammat-e-Islami supported Pakistan and Pakistan army by grouping Al-Badar and Al-shams, which later on proved to be ineffective. Each force took actions without even consulting with higher command. Which later on resulted to surrender arms in front of Indian army. Upon which 93,000 Pakistan soldiers and officers becomes POWs. Officially the war ended on the fortnight of December 16, 1971. The war resulted in separating East Pakistan from West Pakistan, Forming East Pakistan as Bangladesh and West Pakistan to be just Pakistan.

During this terrifying disaster, the military government refused to have any political and settlement ideas despite of the calls. The coordination between the armed forces was ineffective and unsupported. The Air Force was brutally failed to protect the naval and army assets during the conflict.

Parliamentary Democracy after Independence

 

Parliamentary Democracy after Independence

After 1947 independence, the Government of Pakistan has faced serious problems in ruling both East and West Pakistan, East and West Pakistan were the two wings of Pakistan but it was hard for even Liaqut Ali khan who was the first PM of Pakistan to hold them together as Pakistan was newly established. After misleading by Government there was military coup in 1958.

The war of Kashmir that was started in 1947, M.A Jinnah and Liaqut Ali khan were busy to resolve the riots and the problems that were faced by refugees. The pioneering work was done by Liaqut Ali khan for the foreign policies of Pakistan by proposing plans towards the constitution’s formulation.

The objective resolution was the prologue to the further constitutions of Pakistan. The objective resolution was passed in 1949 and is described as “MAGNA CARTA” of the constitutional history of Pakistan. The US and Soviet Union sent invitations to Liaqut Ali, although he chose to pay benevolence visit to US first. Apparently it was observed as a denial to Moscow and has been traced to insightful unfavorable cost. He chooses to be neutral in this cold war, declaring after independence of Pakistan that it would not participate in the conflicting ideologies of the nations. Later, he tried to make a visit to Soviet Union but it didn't happen.

In the same year, M.A. Jinnah declares Urdu as the official language of Pakistan, which ignited protest in East and West Bengal, where the Bengali language was spoken mostly. Jinnah also counters problems for the Chief Commander of Pak Army, Gen. Sir Douglas Gracey who refuses to obey the orders given by M.A Jinnah. Gracey bicker that M.A Jinnah as the Governor General represents the British Crown, which he himself was an appointee and that is the reason why he didn't send throngs to the Kashmir. And it was just not Army; Jinnah also faced problems with Air vise Marshal Richard Atchereley, and with the Chief Commander of the Navy Rear Admiral James, who also refused to pay attention to any orders given by M.A Jinnah.

During Khan’s occupancy, Pak and India agreed upon resolving the Kashmir issue in a peaceful manner by the efforts of UN. In that agreement it was decided to ceasefire on 1^st Jan 1949 and the unbiased plebiscite will promulgate under the control of UN.

After the death of Jinnah in 1948, major problems arouses from the religious minorities bursting in late 1949 and early in 1950s. activist from Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan started to hit the minorities in West Pakistan, which was later slithered to India. After intellection of another war against India, Liaqut Ali Khan met PM of India that was Jawaharlal Nehru, who signed up on the contract named as Liaqut Nehru Pact in 1950. The pact was an endeavor to better the relations and lessen the tensions encountered by both countries and also to guard the religious minorities on both sides of the borders.

In 1952, the Bengali language movement reached on its peak in east of Pakistan, when the riots started between police and students near the Dhaka Medical college who were protesting to have a equal status with Urdu. The protesters were killed in a large amount. After that, Government decides to provide equal status to Bengali language as the state language of Pakistan in the 1956 constitution of Pakistan.

Causes of Energy crisis in Pakistan

Causes of Energy crisis in Pakistan

In our blogs we've discussed in detail that why there are energy crisis in Pakistan, what are the factors to it what steps have been taken in order to overcome all these crises and what are the resources and how we’re using them.

To dig down the reasons to find who is responsible for this entire crisis in Pakistan, we might come across different aspects. The responsible ones are not only the government but also the people they are governing. Their have been lack of knowledge for overcoming this crisis.

Ex- Government of Pakistan was working on new projects to overcome the emerging demands of electricity and after their failure there was huge amount of shortfall in the electricity.

The major reason to see how developed countries have maintained their standard in this regard is that they put control on everything. There proportion was balanced whether you took their population, working hours and market hours. If you look at China, they have law of having only two children and their working hours might be tough but they have put control on the time schedule of opening stores for shopping. Everything has been done in day light and stores at night are close at early timings to avoid the wastage of electricity. If we look at Pakistan, we've no proper working hours, every single thing is imbalanced. There has been lack of awareness in people to overcome this problem. The population in Pakistan is increasing day by day and people have no resources or not enough resources for feeding their family. If we admire west in this regard then we have to look upon their policies too and then we've to adapt them too.

The living standard of people has been raised. To my belief, there are only two classes in Pakistan; Rich and the Poor’s one. One who is rich is extremely rich and the poor ones have crossed even the line of poverty. There is no upper middle class and lower middle class and if there are then these peoples are suffering hard to spend their livelihood peacefully.

Another aspect to the causes of energy crisis in Pakistan is the industrial development and expansion of houses. Daily base transportation has also been increased due to which production of electricity has been getting not enough resources to fulfill its demands.

Looking at the shortfalls of electricity, Government of Pakistan cannot waste time on having failure projects and the major reason to why project fails is that there has been lack of planning to perform these projects successfully. In order to have successful projects, proper planning needs to be done to overcome this crisis.

The demand is much bigger than the developed projects. Currently in Pakistan there is 20,000 MW need against the production of 11,500 MW.

Dependency on non-renewable resources is the biggest failure. The prices of these resources changes in the international market regularly due to which there is destabilization in the expenditures of electricity production in Pakistan.

Uses of renewable resources will help Pakistan to overcome this major shortfall quickly.

Renewable Resources of Electricity

Renewable resources of electricity

The renewable power resources include water, sunlight, breeze, strong wind, tides and geothermal warmth. The resources are gifted by the nature and there is no limitation in the production of these elements as well as they are also cheap. The developed countries around the world use these resources for power generation. However in Pakistan these projects are at initial stages and to get over with one of the major crisis in Pakistan it is necessary to use these vulnerable resources instead of destroying them.

Hydro Power Generation:

Hydro power generation supplies huge amount of energy in the reservoirs of Pakistan. It produced energy by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy by using power tribunes. It is the cheapest source of production that adds only 34% in whole energy production in Pakistan. In current situation we’ve only 6555 MW against the requirement of 41000 to 45000 MW.

Following are the Hydropower Plants along with their capacity:

• Tarbella Dam: 3,478 MW
• Ghazi Brotha Dam: 1450 MW
• Mangla Dam: 1450 MW
• Warsak Dam: 240 MW
• Chashma Dam: 184 MW
• Following are the Hydropower projects of Pakistan:
• Diamer-Bhasha Dam; 4500 MW
• Munda Dam: 740 MW
• Kalabagh Dam: 2400-3600 MW
• Bunji Dam: 5400 MW
• Dasu Dam: 3800 MW

Wind Energy in Pakistan:

In Wind Energy the potency of blowing wind is to move the blades of the generator by which mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Pakistan is producing 10000 to 50000 MW electricity through this mechanism. Wind power production is at initial stages in Pakistan and there are few projects to be launched in Pakistan for wind power production in Jhampir, Gharo, Keti, Bandar and Bin Qasim.

Solar Energy in Pakistan:

When sunlight is converted into electricity through the use of electric panels, this mechanism is known as Solar Energy. The analyst suggests that Pakistan can generate solar energy with the capacity of 100,000 MW or even more. Few of projects are under work in Punjab, Sindh, Kashmir and Baluchistan. At private level, electricity through solar panels are already selling solar panels photovoltaic heaters, that reveals the involvement and circulation of solar energy in local markets. In Gilgit Baltistan the photovoltaic mineral water heaters project in under establishment with the supervision of AEDP (Alternate Electricity Development Panel). Now the Government of Pakistan is also putting hands in this work to generate power through solar energy.

Bio-diesel in Pakistan:

In Bio-diesel or biomass the companies generates power by using waste with sugarcane, corn or other facilities. Through the decomposition of waste, methane gas is produced that comes out of the pipes, which then can be used for flames burning. Other methods involve plant and solid wood which are used to burn up which then produces electricity. Likewise fossil fuels they can be used till refined to make alcohols. In this game, Brazilians are the largest one to produce power through bio-diesel or biomass and on the second number we've USA.

Power Generation through Tidal Waves:

Production of electricity through tidal waves is one of the cheapest ways to the production of electricity. The process involves the pulling out of power from tidal waves which is concerned by the moon’s gravity and then it is converted into electrical energy. Unfortunately, the projects of tidal waves in Pakistan are not even in working position they are still under observation.

Nuclear Energy in Pakistan:

By using Uranium in Nuclear reactors, the nuclear energy is generated. The generation of power through that is very low round about 425 MW. Although, such programs must be organize for the production of electricity in Pakistan.

Following are the nuclear energy reactors working in Pakistan:

• Chashma 1 PWR, whose capacity is more than 200 MW.
• Chashma PWR, whose capacity is 200 MW making an overall of 425 MW.

Energy Crisis – Non Renewable Resources

Energy Crisis - Non-renewable resources

Nowadays Pakistan is facing numerous crises. The crises were not born in a single day but they grow themselves as there were no policies designed to handle them by the government of Pakistan. They grew in a way that now after 10+ years they are uncontrollable. From so many crises, I am here talking about energy crisis in Pakistan. In my previous blog, I discussed the reasons, factors and demands. Now it is time to discuss the resources of energy production in Pakistan.

Renewable & Non- Renewable resources

Pakistan has two types of resources for electricity production, which are mentioned below:

• Non-Renewable resources which are limited and expensive like Fossil Fuels
• Renewable resources which are unlimited and cheap

This blog is only dedicated to discuss the Non Renewable resources in Pakistan and how it becomes the part of crisis in Pakistan.

Non-Renewable Resources:

Non-renewable resources include Fossil fuels and they come in the form of coal, crude oil and gas. These fossil fuels are obtained from the earth’s crusts which are gleaned further to have resources like Diesel, Petrol, Oil, Charcoal, LPG, Organic gases and Paraffin. The resources like these are not good for environment and they are the main reason behind Global warming.

Oil:

Oil is used in this field to generate power, marketplace, household supports and agriculture. Oil is generating 64% of energy and 34% of the power is being generated from the Hydro Power. The analyst state that currently the crude oil in Pakistan is found in the regions which is approximately 303.63 zillion barrels and the amount of oil we are taking about is of 24 zillion every year. Most of the crude oil has also been imported to satisfy the demands of energy.

Natural Gas:

Natural gas in Pakistan is manufactured about the rate of 4,048.76 zillion cubic feet daily and the demanded need is of 3,986.53 zillion. The main usage of natural gas is in commercial and industrial development to make buyer goods, concrete floors, fertilizers and in the generation of electricity in Pakistan. The usage of natural gas is just not limited to commercial, industrial and power generation but it is also in Pakistan as the form of Compressed Natural Gas, which is used for transport system. It involves 43.7% for energy generation and LPG contributed 0.7%. Natural gas is found to be as the cheapest element in Pakistan, although whole world consider this as the most expensive element as they don’t have it. The main reason behind increase of Gas demand is that most of the vehicles are not now running on Petrol as it expensive then Gas, so most of the cars are converted on Natural Gas. But in the end of 2014, the prices of petrol were reduced as much as the rate of Gas.

Coal:

According to the analysts the manufacturing of coal in Pakistan is round about 185 million tones, furthermore 175 million tones of coal is also discovered in the fields of Thor. The usage of coal is demanded in concrete floors market areas and in brick kiln. One of the major coal power plants is Guddu power plant that manufactures 1650 MW. Although the reserved coal in Pakistan is not being consider of up to mark quality.

In next session I will discuss the Renewable Resources and how they have been misused in Pakistan.

Energy Crisis in Pakistan

Energy crisis in Pakistan

The moral fiber of any country economic development is dependent upon Energy Resources. It is one of the necessities in our daily life. Energy resources help us in making goods and many other things like in Pakistan the great contributor is Cotton sheets that is a major help in the revenue of the budget of Pakistan.

It is a necessary element in our daily basis living style for example we cant press our cloths without electricity, we cannot drink cold water because our refrigerators are not on, we cant study at night because of electricity and there are many more things which the people’s of Pakistan are  facing nowadays.

On large scale, the industrial departments are dependent upon them, as they can’t run their machinery, the roads looks mysterious when at night there is no street light.

Due to many factors including increase in population, industrial development, advancement of livelihoods and enhancements of manufacturing of households; the demand for electricity has increased and it is increasing hastily in Pakistan. Hence, there is large amount of demand electricity, coal, petrol and diesel.

The government of Pakistan is failed to resolve energy crisis in Pakistan due to its day by day increasing demands.

It is not a problem of 1 year or 2; Pakistanis have been facing this problem for more than 10 years. The situation of Pakistan is getting more crucial in this regard as we've weakened economy and emerging needs of electricity and because of no proper policies it is becoming more unstable.

Other factors involving behind the energy crisis are obsolete facilities, electricity burglary and regular deficiencies of hydro-power, which make situation much and much worse. As a result, there is time to time load shedding plus with high prices bills.

Looking at 2009-10, per capita demand of electricity occurs to loose ground from 0.64% to 3% correspondingly. Daily requirement of energy in Pakistan is round about 15k to 20k MW, but due to lack of resources it is able to achieve only 12k MW. The daily basis shortfall hence becomes 8k MW and that is the main reason of economic destabilization.

By mixing the stocks of different elements, the energy demand is fulfilled. The elements include Gas, Methane, Fat, LPG and Fossil fuel. The resources amount is as followed:

• GAS 43.7%
• Fat 29%
• LPG 1.5%
• Fossil fuel 10.4%

The resources for electricity production are of two types in Pakistan:

Renewable resources those are unlimited and cheap

Non Renewable resources which are limited and expensive

In next discussion, I will discuss these resources and their usage in detail.

For more information, please visit www.pakvoter.org

Pak voter – Civic Education

It is necessary to understand the civic education, as it is the study of the speculative and realistic features of citizenship, the rights and the responsibilities they owe to each other as a part of a political body and the government. It endorses the study of law and code and the study at government level with the perspective of nation’s roles.

In tradition it is the study of awareness and the awareness is related to its citizens. Pak voter with that vision is an informative portal that is designed in a way to provide relative information and the information is just not related to nowadays but it has shown the information related to Pakistan history too in different perspective. It is a doorway to aware its people about the Government of Pakistan, the Constitution of Pakistan, composition of parliament, election laws, the elections it had and their history.

It should be noted that Pak voter is not only providing us knowledge about these things but there are many more subjects and the subjects to it and we will discuss them in separate sessions.

In Election history of Pakistan, Pak voter is describing the political development with respect to past years with relevant details and images. Election Timeline has been divided into following categories like General elections, presidential elections, senate elections and snapshot of the election history in Pakistan. These sub-categories have been further divided which discuss details to elections in every perspective like General elections is divided into national assembly graph and provincial assembly graph.

As a citizen of Pakistan, we feel hard to find a portal like Pak voter, where someone aware us from the current situation as well as the situation from the past.

For more information, please visit Pak voter.

Civic Education –Electoral system

Civic Education - Electoral system

Civic education is the study of responsibilities of a nation and its just not responsibilities, it’s about the rights they owe, the responsibilities of a person to each other as elements of a political body and to the government. It is a study of civil law and civil code and the study of government with consideration of citizens.

Pakvoter is an information portal for civic education and all about political information in Pakistan.  It has many features within it is categorized into several sub categories. It’s an information guide that informs us about civic education that covers political development history in Pakistan, Election history of Pakistan that swathe the general elections, senate, presidential elections and the election history of Pakistan. In legal framework, Pakvoter wraps election laws, election observation and constitution of Pakistan; that frames the whole election system in Pakistan.

There are many sub categories in civic education, however in this session I am only discussing Electoral system in Pakistan.

Electoral system of Pakistan has been divided into Composition of Parliament, Senate of Pakistan, National Assembly, Caretaker cabinet and final electoral rolls for 2012.

In electoral system of Pakistan whole Composition of Parliament has been divided into three parts i.e. composition of senate, National Assembly and Provincial Assembly. Wherein composition of Senate; general seats and Senate seats reserved for women, technocrat and non-Muslims have been discussed for Federal Capital territory, Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, KPK and FATA.  In composition of National Assembly; general seats and seat via women, technocrat and non-Muslims has been discussed area vise and in the last sub category of Composition of Parliament i.e. Composition of Provincial assemblies’ seats have been discussed in point of view of General, women and minorities through each area. 

In Senate of Pakistan whole background and all the related information has been discussed like the purpose of senate, its composition, the eligibility criteria of its members and the legislative power it has. Likewise in National Assembly its background, seats, its dissolution and the power it has been discussed.

In Caretaker government, its existence and role has been discussed, that how come care taker government come to exists, its role and the appointment took place. In electoral rolls as the name described that the enrollment of voters has been discussed; that how many voters belong to each province, district wise and then the detail discussion on every district.

It’s good to have a portal like Pakvoter that informs us about all the teeny weenie details that are attached to Pakistan as the citizen of Pakistan its very important for us to get know every perspective of civic education.

For more information, please visit http://pakvoter.org/

Election Campaign of PPP

Pakistan Peoples Party was established in 1968 with the slogan “Roti, Kapra aur Makan”. PPP is the party where we’ve seen two most veterans leaders martyred i.e. Z.A Bhutto and Benazir Bhutto. After Benazir’s death, Asif Ali Zardari and Billawal Zardari took the control of the party where it is said that Bilawal will become the next PM, but he was too young for that and the Constitution of Pakistan doesn't allow any person less than 25 years to be enrolled for the election seat.

PPP come as the victor part in 2008 elections and after having their rule for 5 years which was full of devastation, the public refused them. But there is still a major part of Pakistan following PPP i.e. Sindh, where only rule is of either PPP or MQM.

Therefore PPP got vote from there and as a result of this they standout on the second position in the election of Pakistan. PPP also declare the current election to be bogus but they did not stand out with Imran Khan in his protest against the bogus elections.

For more information, please visit www.Pakvoter.org.