The Political Agitation & Economic Depression In Pakistan

Uncertainty is one of the elements that make even probability of success or failure in anything. Pakistan is about to celebrate 68th year of independence still after years of freedom it is full with surprises & rich in uncertainty. At the time of independence, it was supposed to be welfare Islamic state, but after years of independence, if we look at the overall situation of major sectors like power, employment, security, food, education, agriculture, economy supposed to be backbone of country are suffering from severe crisis.

If we lookout for the core factor worsening the situation of almost all the sector is ‘Politics’. In terms of definition politics is the composition of activities & practices of the people of state for the acquisition of power and government affairs, but the culture of Pakistani politics tells different story. After the elections of 2013, the political tug of war between two status quo parties shattered rest of the economic stability left after the destruction of terrorism. One to one tension between Pakistan political parties comes both at national as well as provincial level, which are as follows:

1. Pakistan PTI accused another political group PML-N for alleged rigging both at federal and provincial level. 
2. The settled and unsettled matters between PPPP & MQM for Sindh’s devolution of power.
3. Political tension between ANP and MQM for the manifestation of power.

Country had situations after the announcement of protest by PTI:

• It was due to proclamation before the start of protest, the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) closed on 666.24 down points. 
• UN Human Development Report 2014 revealed that Pakistan has 146th among meager income countries, this situation would have been more after violence.
• Last year, Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) released poverty survey, which mentioned that 58.7 million people are living their life under the menace of multidimensional poverty among which 46 % are rural and 18% are urban, certainly, after nonviable economic situation, indicators were not in good position. 

When political situation of the country got unstable after the start of protest, revival & continuity of economic policies became uncertain. Consequently, it reduced the investment and productivity in the economy. As political instability further increased after violence in protest, it grew unrest in the form of strikes and demonstrations at public level that ceased the economic growth routine of firms & markets. By the persistence of bad political situation, prices of fuel got height that also increased the prices of consumable items of daily use by decreasing the purchase power of common person. Such situation also boosted inflationary rate, unemployment, civil disobedience, national harmony and many other problems.

Suggestively, political leaders are the asset of homeland, so it makes them responsible about critical condition. When a political circumstance of the country goes worse, then economic condition gets a shape seen last eight years, along with nation that is in state of war since eleven years to combat the menace of terrorism.

After all this, elections for local government, by-elections and results on election dispute are pending from Supreme Court of Pakistan. Fluctuations in the electoral temperature also oscillates the economical condition of country, in such situations, political parties should play a responsible role to protect economy from down phases.

Challenges and Controversies faced by PPP

Pakistan peoples party is one of the most biggest political parties in Pakistan, which has presented some renowned leaders in the history of Pakistan and since its establishment it has faced some serious challenges and controversies which are mentioned below.

Lost left

Seeing that the 1990s, the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) has been beneath severe disparagement even within the associates and the leftists in the state, prominent the charges of large-scale bribery. The leading leftist, Nadeem Paracha, affirmed that since 1977, the PPP policy has been malformed into centre-right stand, while in 1977 general elections in Pakistan, the PPP policy did not mentioned the "communism". Throughout the 1973–75, the PPP fundamental ultra-left and socialist led under Mirage Khalid and the moist wings under Khalid Syed were eliminated by the PPP to make sure the political shore up and existence between the dominant Sindh's feudal lords and Punjab's landed elite, Paracha stating it the PPP has "lost left".

While leading left-wing journalist, Mehdi Hasan remarked that PPP is "not a worldly party", first declaring Ahmadiyya people as non-Muslims in the line of the succeeding parliamentary alteration, secondly proscription the utilization of liquor; thirdly, the PPP affirmed Friday as holiday to prevail the support of religious elements, Mehdi Hasan quoted.

Cyber attacks

The Chairman of PPP Bilawal Bhutto Zardari led a gathering on 19 September 2014 in Multan, Punjab, where he purportedly quoted: "the [PPP] would take back whole Kashmir for his state

Bhutto accentuate on his ending of the speech: "I will take back Kashmir, all of it, and I will not leave behind a single inch of it because like the other provinces, it belongs to Pakistan...(.)"

On urgent basis, a group claiming themselves the Indian Hackers Online Squad swaps the PPP's official website's homepage with post mocking Bhutto for his comments, and alleging that "will never get Kashmir".

The post read on PPP's official website: "To Citizens of Pakistan, Pakistan's military, PPP and Specially Mr. Bilawal Bhutto. Without any Violence, Let Me tell you that Pakistan will never get Kashmir. This is the Truth. You Have to Accept it."

Bilawal Bhutto Zardari's Kashmir comment made him a knock against jokes on Twitter and in Indian media.

Internal opposition and factionalism

Since 1990s, the factionalism has grown in the party when Murtaza Bhutto returns to Pakistan. Differing with Benazir and Asif Ali Zardari's political philosophy developing the party, Bhutto come apart and fashioned the other controlling yet more leaning towards left wing faction, PPP (Bhuttoist) in 1995. Having row with Benazir Bhutto in 1999 over the party leadership, Aftab Sherpao tearing from the party and shaping the PPP (Sherpaoist)—a more reformist with democratic schema.

Factionalism persists in 2011 when PPP dismiss Mahmood Qureshi over the happening that occurred in Lahore, though Qureshi did not fixed but defecting to PTI which is centrist and third way party. One more leftist leader, Malik Ali Khan also acquiescent from the PPP, saying that "they did not concur with how President Zardari was leading the party chiefly with view to an coalition with centre-right PML (Q) and the foreign policy.

In 2012, the PPP's powerful leader, Zulfiqar Mirza, relinquish from the party regardless of urgings on amidst discrepancy with Asif Zardari's headship and policies with regards to contact with liberals MQM in Sindh. Reckoning with their separation, the communist politicians felt that the party had now moved away from the basic thoughts it was established on by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1967.

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2008 history of PPP

Looking at the recent history of one of the historical party of Pakistan which is full of tragic details in their history, another big disastrous news to PPP followers falls when the most functional and first former women PM Benazir Bhutto in the history of Pakistan was murdered, when she was conducting elections campaigns in 2007.

As we all already knows that BB was the daughter of Z.A Bhutto and after his father death he raises his party until she was exiled from the country. After her come back to the country in 2007, the followers welcomed her graciously but soon after her return she faces numerous life threat. The saddened event occurred on 11th of May when she was coming from airport towards her house among her many followers, from there her bad time started where her way was attacked by terrorist by suicide bombings. In that place, her many followers died but she survived. But when conducting an election campaign on 27th of Dec 2007 she was again attacked but unfortunately she didn’t survived this time and the whole nation mourned her death for several days. Soon after her death, Asif Ali Zardari declared their son as the new chairmen of PPP.

The 2008 general elections in Pakistan which were planned to be held in January were delayed until 18 February. The PPP won the significant triumph on among all political parties in Pakistan, having a force of general seats 121 from all provinces in the Parliament, at the same time as the centre-right, Pakistan Muslim League (N) secured second place, running to secure 91 seats from country-wide. In 2008, the co-chairman Asif Ali Zardari proclaimed to finish the fourth dictatorship when he stated: "Pakistan was on its way of ridding dictatorships forever", and plead to the PML (N) leader, Nawaz Sharif, to outline an alliance scheming over half the seats in Pakistan's 342 seat parliament.

Asif Ali Zardari and Nawaz Sharif officially signed the agreement on this on 9th of March 2008.

Titled the PPP-PML summit declaration, the shared declaration both parties decided on the restoration of judges oust through the emergency rule enforced on 3 November 2007 by General Pervez Musharraf in 30 days following the new federal government was fashioned. On 28 March, the PPP assigned Yousaf Raza Gillani as the new PM and formed alliance rule with PML (N) in Punjab, Awami National Party in KPK, JUI(F) in Baluchistan and MQM in Sindh. On other hand, the PPP declared the private mandate in Gilgit-Baltistan andKashmir. though, this pact was afterwards was dishonored by PPP government, after which PML(N) leaved from alliance and federal government.

Asif Ali Zardari was nominated for the coming presidential elections of that year by his party. After that he got 481 votes out of 700 and hence he become the President of Pakistan.

On April 2010, president Zardari willingly give up his political and presidential authority to PM Gillani and the parliament, and during 18th amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, Zardari relocate the right of government and political appointments, and powers to put into effect the right of government to prime minister Gillani as part of country's road to parliamentary democracy. although rising disapproval, it has managed to preserve a great vote bank in deeper Sindh and South Punjab. On national front, it is currently competing against Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf and Pakistan Muslim League (N). On 22 June 2012, the PPP nominated Raja Pervez Ashraf was elected as the new Pakistan PM.

But it didn’t ended here, the PPP government was badly failed and due to this several protest and long marches have been made.

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1970 General Election and PPP

1970 General Election and PPP

From 1967 to 2015 PPP has faced numerous difficulties, having assassination of their leaders PPP still hold out to be the 2nd most voted political party in Pakistan. the ups and downs of the party can be viewed through the following table, which will highlight the General elections in Pakistan through 1970 to 2013 and the seating, party leader and parliamentary position of the PPP.

General Elections	Seating Graph	Presiding chair of the party	Parliamentary position
1970	81/300	Z.A Bhutto	In Government
1977	155/200	Z.A Bhutto	Martial Law in effect
1985	-	Nusrat Isphani	-
1988	94/247	Benazir Bhutto	In Government
1990	44/207	Benazir Bhutto	In opposition
1993	89/207	Benazir Bhutto	In Government
1997	17/207	Benazir Bhutto	In opposition
2002	62/207	Amin Fahim	In opposition
2008	124/342	Benazir Bhutto Yousaf Raza Gillani	In Government
2013	47/272	Billawal Bhutto Zardari	In opposition

                                                                                                

After its establishment, the party gained distinction at an instantaneous, magnetizing the poor bunch peasants and workforce, and students all through in West Pakistan. The democratic socialists and Bhutto himself knocked a gesticulate of annoyance and showed sturdy resistance against Ayub Khan, leading the civil chaos, defiance, and mayhem that forced Ayub Khan to detained talks with Bhutto who would later opposed the Six point movement, offered by Bengali leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The nonstop argument, and pressure forced Ayub Khan to quit from the presidency in 1969, leading to burden of martial law by Army Commander General Yahya Khan after promising to seize elections in two years. throughout this time, the Peoples Party strengthen its sustain in West Pakistan, systematizing itself and gaining prop up from poor masses in West Pakistan. Its communist catchphrase Roti Kapra Aur Makaan (English: Food, Cloth, and Shelter) and "all supremacy to the people", added popularize the party and the fame that crop up Bhutto and the Peoples Party.

During the 1970 parliamentary elections, the Peoples Party participated with complete force, originally conquering the far-right faction and the centre-right forces in West-Pakistan, though the Peoples Party was resolutely beaten by the moderate democratic Awami League in East-Pakistan. throughout the election movement, the party's renowned leftist philosophers and communists rational, such as Malik Meraj, JA Rahim, Meraj Muhammad, Mubashir Hassan, and Zulfi Bhutto himself demanded a great rage to the public over numerous political subjects. anxiety arisen with Peoples' League and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the ideological disparity added make amid bricks of abhorrence towards each other. The circumstances reached to a pinnacle in 1970 where Awami League held 160 seats out of 300 where the Peoples Party winning the 81 of 138 seats owed to West Pakistan in the National Assembly.

Bhutto decline to permit Rahman to become the prime minister of Pakistan, and eminently calling "break the legs" if any self-ruled socialists of Peoples Party tried to be present at the introductory meeting. in its place, he presented the idea of having two prime ministers for both wings. At his proposals he received heavily criticism from East of Pakistan. After then Bhutto conveyed his message from Dr. Mubashir Hassan, whereupon it was decided to have a coaillited government with Bhutto as president and Mujib as PM. Although, these developments were not publicized and the Military was totally unaware of the fact. Quickly after military launch, the circumstances changed in both wings which created differences among both wings.

Bhutto and Peoples Party gave condemnation to Yayha Khan's exploitation of the circumstances which led the arrests of Bhutto and members of Peoples Party who apprehended with Mujibur Rahman in recognized Adiala Jail. This was followed by Indian involvement which led the harsh crush of Pakistan Armed Forces and Pakistan itself, after East-Pakistan gained impetus and became Bangladesh in 1971.

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PPP Political Journey

PPP Political Journey

Pakistan peoples party commonly known as PPP is one of the biggest and leading political party in Pakistan. It was founded in 1967 and ever since it had been a main and dominant political left wing force in Pakistan. The control supremacy of the party is founded greatly in Sindh, and the party is ruled by the members of the Bhutto-Zardari family.

Since its creation, PPP comes into power as the Government of Pakistan on five different times in the following years:

• 1970
• 1977
• 1988
• 1993
• 2008

Formerly viewed as the most dominant political party in the country, it is the biggest opposition party in the National Assembly , primary the united leftist coalition in the Parliament. though, the party uphold its mass power of Senate and prevailing party in Sindh and two independent regions: the Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto being the first chairmen of the party with the main slogan as Roti, kapra and Makan (Food, Cloth and House) decided to remove poverty from Pakistan and to provide its nation the basic necessities of their livelihood. The major policies of the party were stated as that “Islam is our religion, Democracy is our politics, socialism is our economy and power lies with the people.”

The policy acknowledged the party's eventual objective, major aim and raison d’être as being the triumph of an democratic and "egalitarian people", which was supposed to be achievable only through communism. It called for "spot on egalitarianism of citizen's alliance under the decree of classlessness", inside "an order of communal and fiscal fairness." In 1968, a huge publicity agenda was commenced by the party, opening in Punjab. Bhutto's agenda unswervingly beleaguered the country's deprived masses. The left-wing sloping slogan, "Land to the Landless", proved appealing to the peasants and labor class, as the party assured not only to eliminate the primary feudalism that had beleaguered the country, but also to reallocate lands amid the landless and the peasants. The working class and labor group hurriedly congregate to the party, deem it to be a party keen to the annihilation of entrepreneurship in the country. Democracy is our Politics; Socialism is our Economy; Power Lies with the People", was written by Bengali socialist J. A. Rahim, and first concern on 9 December 1967.

The adolescent university students and teachers who frequently irk the burden of Ayub Khan's tyrannical government through his decade-long regime were assured a recovered prospect with enhanced enlightening and occupation opening. Many other affiliates of people who had felt muffled and subdued by the press-control and serious bowdlerization adept by the controlling Khan government also tied the new party. The party's policy also fascinated the country's abundant sectarian minorities, who hurriedly united the party.

Ultimately, the socialist-oriented slogan Roti, Kapra aur Makan (lit. "food, clothes, and housing"), became a countrywide cry for the party. By the 1970s, the PPP had turn into the biggest and most powerful leading communist and autonomous body in the state. The party in print its thoughts in its the media, such as "Nusrat", "Fatah", and "Mussawat".

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After 1965…

History Of Pakistan

After the uncertain war of 1965 with India, Pakistani nation starts to blame Ayub Khan the Field Marshal at that time for divulging the cause of Kashmir. Few months later after that war, Munir Ahmed Khan, who was a nuclear engineer met Z.A Bhutto and informed him about the speedy development in the nuclear program of the Indian forces. After feeling the sign of danger, Z.A Bhutto hurriedly arranged a meeting in London with Munir Ahmed khan and Ayub khan. Munir Ahmed Khan forced to have a nuclear energy program and to develop a reliable nuclear curb aptitude. Whereas, Ayub khan totally refused this idea and said:”If we (Pakistan) ever need the atom bomb, we (Pakistan) will buy it off the shelf.”

After knowing the current scenarios, Bhutto proposed the idea of lobbying the weapons. However the economical conditions of Pakistan insisted khan to refuse the idea to enlarge the nuclear energy program notwithstanding the proposals suggested by Bhutto, Salam and Muniir Khan.

With far-reaching hard work done by Dr. Abdus Salam, khan personally permitted the KANUPP-I commercial plant, in oppositions to the wished of his own military government.

In 1966 Ayub Khan aloof Bhutto as the Foreign minister in a plot planned by Jurist and Bhutto secretary under the severe pressure of US President Lyndon Jhonson.

In 1967, People’s Party of Pakistan (PPP) a political party of Pakistan came into being which was formed by Z.A Bhutto, which then organized the movement against Anti Ayub Khan in East and West of Pakistan. Dispirited and stressed, Ayub khan handed over his hold to the Gen. Yahya Khan in 1969. Upon his appointment as a chief Martial Law Administrator of the country he bed in the military government in both East and West of Pakistan. Wherein, Yahya and his government swore to conduct general elections within 2 years.

The General elections in Pakistan were then held on 1970, making PPP as the largest political party in west of Pakistan and Awami League the largest political party in east of Pakistan. After that Yahya holds negotiations talks with Z.A Bhutto and Sheikh Mujibur Rehman, but it failed brutally.

Bhutto formed combined government with Mujibur Rehman as it was feared that East Pakistan will get separate from West Pakistan. Both leaders agreed upon the collated government having Bhutto as the president and Mujib as the premier.  The military government was totally unaware of all the political happening at that time. The pressure was high on military government by Z.A Bhutto and Mujib which forces Ayub Khan to have military action in East Pakistan. The military police busted both Bhutto and Mujib, where Bhutto was put on house arrest and Mujib was sent to the court where his case was headed by Judge Advocate Gen. Branch’s Brigadier–Gen. Rahimuddin khan.

Gen. Rahimuddin structured orders for Vice Admiral Muhammad Shariff and Lieutenant Gen. Amir Abdullah khan Niazi to hold actions in East Pakistan to curtail and free them from fight. After facing some of notable disturbances and rebellion in East of Pakistan, the arm forces fasten down through violence. The army and navy hold operations which resulted in further bitterness among the East Pakistanis.

With the assistance of India Mukti Bahini war held out between separatist supporters of Bangladesh and Pakistan. During this conflict, Jammat-e-Islami supported Pakistan and Pakistan army by grouping Al-Badar and Al-shams, which later on proved to be ineffective. Each force took actions without even consulting with higher command. Which later on resulted to surrender arms in front of Indian army. Upon which 93,000 Pakistan soldiers and officers becomes POWs. Officially the war ended on the fortnight of December 16, 1971. The war resulted in separating East Pakistan from West Pakistan, Forming East Pakistan as Bangladesh and West Pakistan to be just Pakistan.

During this terrifying disaster, the military government refused to have any political and settlement ideas despite of the calls. The coordination between the armed forces was ineffective and unsupported. The Air Force was brutally failed to protect the naval and army assets during the conflict.

Election Campaign of PPP

Pakistan Peoples Party was established in 1968 with the slogan “Roti, Kapra aur Makan”. PPP is the party where we’ve seen two most veterans leaders martyred i.e. Z.A Bhutto and Benazir Bhutto. After Benazir’s death, Asif Ali Zardari and Billawal Zardari took the control of the party where it is said that Bilawal will become the next PM, but he was too young for that and the Constitution of Pakistan doesn't allow any person less than 25 years to be enrolled for the election seat.

PPP come as the victor part in 2008 elections and after having their rule for 5 years which was full of devastation, the public refused them. But there is still a major part of Pakistan following PPP i.e. Sindh, where only rule is of either PPP or MQM.

Therefore PPP got vote from there and as a result of this they standout on the second position in the election of Pakistan. PPP also declare the current election to be bogus but they did not stand out with Imran Khan in his protest against the bogus elections.

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